Analysis

A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is a long-term contract between a buyer and a supplier of electricity that defines the terms of the agreement.

The cost added by producing one additional unit of a product or service.

Capital costs are fixed, one-time expenses incurred on the purchase of equipment used in the production of goods

Variable renewable energy (VRE) or intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) are renewable energy sources that are not adjustable due to their fluctuating nature, such as wind power and solar power

A transmission grid is an interconnected network of electrical transmission lines that moves electricity from power plants to distribution systems and end users

The capacity factor is the ratio of the actual electrical energy output over a certain period of time to the maximum possible output if the power source was operating at full capacity all the time. Essentially, it illustrates the efficiency and dependability of an energy source.

Scheduling supply to meet current demand for electricity

likely to receive funding

A petajoule (PJ) is a unit of energy measurement that is equal to one million billion joules (10 to the power 15). It can also be expressed as 278 gigawatt hours. One petajoule is equal to 31.60 million cubic meters of natural gas.

Republic of Mozambique Pipeline Investments Company

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled down to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport.

Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are two gases whose molecules are made of nitrogen and oxygen atoms. These nitrogen oxides contribute to the problem of air pollution, playing roles in the formation of both smog and acid rain. They are released into Earth’s atmosphere by both natural and human-generated sources.

Sulfur oxides are a group of molecules made of sulfur and oxygen atoms, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3). Sulfur oxides are pollutants that contribute to the formation of acid rain, as well as particulate pollution. Some are released into Earth’s atmosphere by natural sources, but most are the result of human activities.

Particulates are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. Sources of particulate matter can be natural or anthropogenic. They have impacts on climate and precipitation that adversely affect human health, in ways additional to direct inhalation.

The EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is the EU’s tool to put a fair price on the carbon emitted during the production of carbon intensive goods that are entering the EU, and to encourage cleaner industrial production in non-EU countries

The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. It was adopted by 196 Parties at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris, France, on 12 December 2015.

An integrated system brings together several elements to create single cohesive unit

The energy trilemma is a framework that energy policymakers use to balance three objectives:

• Sustainability: Decarbonizing energy
• Security: Ensuring the reliability and security of energy supplies
• Affordability: Minimizing the cost of energy for consumer

Multi-market system – a hybrid market model designed to accommodate various defined transactions (market transactions, physical bilateral transactions and regulated transactions).

Electricity storage encompasses all technologies that can consume electricity (e.g., charge in times of oversupply) and return it later (e.g., discharge in times of undersupply).

Renewable energy refers to energy generated from a source that is not depleted when used

Green hydrogen is hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water, using renewable electricity. Production of green hydrogen causes significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions than production of grey hydrogen, which is derived from fossil fuels without carbon capture.

Energy Availability Factor (EAF) = measure of generation performance, electricity available to be generated. EAF is the difference between the maximum availability and all unavailabilities expressed as a percentage

Dispatchable generation refers to sources of electricity that can be programmed on demand at the request of power grid operators, according to market needs. Dispatchable generators may adjust their power output according to an order.

Net Zero means cutting carbon emissions to a small amount of residual emissions that can be absorbed and durably stored by nature and other carbon dioxide removal measures, leaving zero in the atmosphere.

Nationally Determined Contributions are the commitments that countries make to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions as part of climate change mitigation.